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Warm stratification requires temperatures of 15–20 °C (59–68 °F). In many instances, warm stratification followed by cold stratification requirements can also be met by planting the seeds in summer in a mulched bed for expected germination the following spring. Some seeds may not germinate until the second spring. [citation needed]
This is generally done with seeds that require a period of cold stratification. The method takes advantage of natural temperatures, rather than artificially refrigerating seeds. Winter sowing involves sowing seeds in a miniature greenhouse outside during winter, allowing them to germinate in spring.
It is unknown how long the seed is viable in the soil for, but preliminary studies show that the seed requires warm stratification and then cold stratification to elicit germination; so the earliest it can take place is in the second spring/summer following dispersal (Wood & Rudman 2015).
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Thermodormancy is seed sensitivity to heat or cold. Some seeds including cocklebur and amaranth germinate only at high temperatures (30C or 86F). Many plants that have seeds that germinate in early to mid summer have thermodormancy and germinate only when the soil temperature is warm.
The stages of germination of a pea plant: A. seed coat, B. radicle, C. primary root, D. secondary root, E. cotyledon, F. plumule, G. leaf, H. tap root. The part of the plant that first emerges from the seed is the embryonic root, termed the radicle or primary root. It allows the seedling to become anchored in the ground and start absorbing water.
Though very hardy in cold climates, these cactuses will die if transplanted to a hot desert climate. [30] Germination studies on mountain cactus seeds indicate some need of cold-moist stratification. Only 10% of seeds germinated at 21 °C after eight weeks where on the other hand 67% germinated at 4.5 °C in 17 days.
The seeds of some milkweeds need periods of cold treatment (cold stratification) before they will germinate. [16] To protect seeds from washing away during heavy rains and from seed-eating birds, one can cover the seeds with a light fabric or with an 0.5 in (13 mm) layer of straw mulch. [17] [18] However, mulch acts as an insulator. Thicker ...