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Mesenchyme (/ ˈ m ɛ s ə n k aɪ m ˈ m iː z ən-/ [1]) is a type of loosely organized animal embryonic connective tissue of undifferentiated cells that give rise to most tissues, such as skin, blood or bone. [2] [3] The interactions between mesenchyme and epithelium help to form nearly every organ in the developing embryo. [4]
Wilms' tumor (WT), also known as nephroblastoma, is an embryonic tumor originating from metanephric blastemal cells that are incapable of completing the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), a crucial process during kidney differentiation involving the transition from a multipolar, spindle-shaped mesenchymal cell to a planar assembly of ...
Epithelial and mesenchymal cells differ in phenotype as well as function, though both share inherent plasticity. [2] Epithelial cells are closely connected to each other by tight junctions, gap junctions and adherens junctions, have an apico-basal polarity, polarization of the actin cytoskeleton and are bound by a basal lamina at their basal ...
The face and neck development of the human embryo refers to the development of the structures from the third to eighth week that give rise to the future head and neck.They consist of three layers, the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, which form the mesenchyme (derived form the lateral plate mesoderm and paraxial mesoderm), neural crest and neural placodes (from the ectoderm). [1]
] Myogenesis is specifically a function of mesenchyme. The mesoderm differentiates from the rest of the embryo through intercellular signaling, after which the mesoderm is polarized by an organizing center. [3] The position of the organizing center is in turn determined by the regions in which beta-catenin is protected from degradation by GSK-3 ...
The mesenchyme, through FGF10 secretion, is involved in a positive feedback loop with the AER, through FGF8 secretion. FGF8 – Secreted by the AER cells. Acts upon the mesenchymal cells, to maintain their proliferative state. Also induces the mesenchymal cells to secrete FGF10, which acts through WNT3A to sustain the AER's expression of FGF8.
[2] The tissue undergoes convergent extension as the primitive streak regresses, or as the embryo gastrulates. The notochord extends from the base of the head to the tail; with it extend thick bands of paraxial mesoderm. [3] As the primitive streak continues to regress, somites form from the paraxial mesoderm by "budding off" rostrally.
Also induces the mesenchymal cells to secrete FGF10, which acts through WNT3A to sustain the AER’s expression of FGF8. WNT3A: Acts as an intermediate in the positive feedback loop between the AER and limb mesenchyme. Activated by FGF10 expression, activates FGF8 expression. Shh: [18] [19] Secreted by the ZPA in the limb bud mesenchyme ...