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RS-485, also known as TIA-485(-A) or EIA-485, is a standard, originally introduced in 1983, defining the electrical characteristics of drivers and receivers for use in serial communications systems. Electrical signaling is balanced , and multipoint systems are supported.
But it is often converted to RS485 or RS232. According to Emerson, [2] due to the huge installation base of 4–20 mA systems throughout the world, the HART Protocol is one of the most popular industrial protocols today. HART protocol has made a good transition protocol for users who wished to use the legacy 4–20 mA signals, but wanted to ...
While interfaces such as Ethernet, FireWire, and USB also send data as a serial stream, the term serial port usually denotes hardware compliant with RS-232 or a related standard, such as RS-485 or RS-422. Modern consumer personal computers (PCs) have largely replaced serial ports with higher-speed standards, primarily USB.
USB-to-serial RS-232 adapters are often used with consumer, commercial and industrial applications and USB-to-serial RS-485/422 adapters are usually mainly used only with industrial applications. Currently, USB to TTL-level UART converters are used extensively by students and hobbyist as they can be directly interfaced to microcontrollers.
Many serial communication systems were originally designed to transfer data over relatively large distances through some sort of data cable.. Practically all long-distance communication transmits data one bit at a time, rather than in parallel, because it reduces the cost of the cable.
For UART to work the following settings need to be the same on both the transmitting and receiving side: Voltage level; Baud Rate; Parity bit; Data bits size; Stop bits size; Flow Control; For the voltage level, 2 UART modules work well when they both have the same voltage level, e.g 3V-3V between the 2 UART modules.
System Mechanic is a performance solution that first deploys a series of complex automated maintenance actions to help keep your PC stable and clutter-free, and then goes to work by precision-tuning dozens of internet, processor, memory, and hard drive settings in real time for maximum system speed and performance.Some of the features include:
The RS485 balanced transmission used in PROFIBUS DP only allows 31 devices to be connected at once; however, more devices (up to 126) can be connected or the network expanded with the use of hubs or repeaters (4 hubs or repeaters to reach 126). [7] A Hub or a Repeater is also counted as a device. [21]