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Envenomation is the process by which venom is injected by the bite or sting of a venomous animal. [1]Many kinds of animals, including mammals (e.g., the northern short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda), reptiles (e.g., the king cobra), [2] spiders (e.g., black widows), [3] insects (e.g., wasps), and fish (e.g., stone fish) employ venom for hunting and for self-defense.
There is a lot of evidence to support the venom metering hypothesis. For example, snakes frequently use more venom during defensive strikes, administer more venom to larger prey, and are capable of dry biting. A dry bite is a bite from a venomous snake that results in very little or no venom expulsion, leaving the target asymptomatic. [89]
The venom of Vespa luctuosa has the highest recorded toxicity to mice of any wasp species tested. The LD 50 of the venom is 1.6 mg/kg. The toxicity (measured against mice) per weight of Vespa luctuosa venom is higher than that of the larger Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia), which has an LD 50 of 4.0 mg/kg, but which is responsible for many more human deaths than Vespa luctuosa due to the ...
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One approach is to use 0.1% bovine serum albumin (also known as "fraction V" in Cohn process) as a diluent in determining LD 50 values. It results in more accurate and consistent LD 50 determinations than using 0.1% saline as a diluent. For example, fraction V produces about 95% purified albumin (dried crude venom).
In the Philippines, an estimated 20–40 people die annually from Chirodropid stings, probably owing to limited access to medical facilities and antivenom. [ 55 ] The recently discovered and very similar Chironex yamaguchii may be equally dangerous, as it has been implicated in several deaths in Japan. [ 7 ]
Kabang (February 29, 2008 – May 17, 2021) was a shepherd mix aspin from Zamboanga City, Philippines, who became internationally famous and was described as a "hero dog" when she rescued two children from a potentially fatal motorcycle crash.
A mass grave discovered last December in a suburb of Guadalajara with dozens of bags of dismembered body parts contained the remains of 24 people, Mexican authorities said Sunday.. Six of them ...