Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a type of lung infection that occurs in people who are on mechanical ventilation breathing machines in hospitals. As such, VAP typically affects critically ill persons that are in an intensive care unit (ICU) and have been on a mechanical ventilator for at least 48 hours.
Ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) is an acute lung injury that develops during mechanical ventilation and is termed ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) if it can be proven that the mechanical ventilation caused the acute lung injury. In contrast, ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) exists if the cause cannot be proven.
A Risk Class III patient, after evaluation of other factors including home environment and follow-up, may either: [5] be sent home with oral antibiotics [4] be admitted for a short hospital stay with antibiotics and monitoring. [4] Patients with Risk Class IV-V pneumonia patient should be hospitalized for treatment. [4]
In 2002, an expert panel made recommendations about the evaluation and treatment of probable nursing home-acquired pneumonia. [22] They defined probably pneumonia, emphasized expedite antibiotic treatment (which is known to improve survival) and drafted criteria for the hospitalization of willing patients.
If the symptoms worsen, the pneumonia does not improve with home treatment, or complications occur, hospitalization may be required. [69] Worldwide, approximately 7–13% of cases in children result in hospitalization, [ 23 ] whereas in the developed world between 22 and 42% of adults with community-acquired pneumonia are admitted. [ 69 ]
Pulmonary rehabilitation, also known as respiratory rehabilitation, is an important part of the management and health maintenance of people with chronic respiratory disease who remain symptomatic or continue to have decreased function despite standard medical treatment. It is a broad therapeutic concept.
Mechanical ventilator. Treatment of the underlying cause is required, if possible. The treatment of acute respiratory failure may involve medication such as bronchodilators (for airways disease), [7] [8] antibiotics (for infections), glucocorticoids (for numerous causes), diuretics (for pulmonary oedema), amongst others.
In intensive care, sitting patients upright reduces the risk of pulmonary aspiration and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Measures to prevent aspiration depend on the situation and the patient. In patients at imminent risk of aspiration, tracheal intubation by a trained health professional provides the best protection.