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Braking distance refers to the distance a vehicle will travel from the point when its brakes are fully applied to when it comes to a complete stop. It is primarily affected by the original speed of the vehicle and the coefficient of friction between the tires and the road surface, [Note 1] and negligibly by the tires' rolling resistance and vehicle's air drag.
d MT = braking distance, m (ft) V = design speed, km/h (mph) a = deceleration rate, m/s 2 (ft/s 2) Actual braking distances are affected by the vehicle type and condition, the incline of the road, the available traction, and numerous other factors. A deceleration rate of 3.4 m/s 2 (11.2 ft/s 2) is used to determine stopping sight distance. [6]
Above 30 km/h (19 mph), the vehicle will reduce its speed automatically. [47] It also allows the vehicle to engage braking assist, if there is a risk of a frontal collision and the driver suddenly applies the brakes. [47] The speed difference to allow an automatic stop was raised to 50 km/h (31 mph) in 2013 with improved cameras. [49]
Braking distance: feet feet meters safety: shorter is better Brake specific fuel consumption: lb/(hp·h) lb/(hp·h) g/(kW·h) economics, range lower is better traveled Distance: miles miles kilometers economy higher rating is better for vehicle longevity; lower elapsed is better for vehicle resale Drag coefficient (ratio) (ratio) (ratio)
Adaptive cruise control does not provide full autonomy: the system only provides some help to the driver, but does not drive the car by itself. [3] For example, the driver is able to set the cruise control to 55mph, if the car while traveling that speed catches up to another vehicle going only 45mph, the ACC will cause the car to automatically brake and maintain a safe distance behind the ...
The red car's driver picks a tree to judge a two-second safety buffer. The two-second rule is a rule of thumb by which a driver may maintain a safe trailing distance at any speed. [1] [2] The rule is that a driver should ideally stay at least two seconds behind any vehicle that is directly in front of his or her vehicle. It is intended for ...
Since kinetic energy increases quadratically with velocity (= /), an object moving at 10 m/s has 100 times as much energy as one of the same mass moving at 1 m/s, and consequently the theoretical braking distance, when braking at the traction limit, is up to 100 times as long. In practice, fast vehicles usually have significant air drag, and ...
Braking system Train speed Distance Stopping time (s) mph km/h yd m Continuous (vacuum) 45 72: 410 370 26 Continuous (vacuum) 45 72: 451 412 30 3 brake vans: 40.9 65.8: 800 730 59 2 brake vans: 40.9 65.8: 631 577 44 2 brake vans: 45 72: 795 727 55 1 brake van: 45 72: 1,125 1,029 70