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Braking distance refers to the distance a vehicle will travel from the point when its brakes are fully applied to when it comes to a complete stop. It is primarily affected by the original speed of the vehicle and the coefficient of friction between the tires and the road surface, [Note 1] and negligibly by the tires' rolling resistance and vehicle's air drag.
Above 30 km/h (19 mph), the vehicle will reduce its speed automatically. [47] It also allows the vehicle to engage braking assist, if there is a risk of a frontal collision and the driver suddenly applies the brakes. [47] The speed difference to allow an automatic stop was raised to 50 km/h (31 mph) in 2013 with improved cameras. [49]
d MT = braking distance, m (ft) V = design speed, km/h (mph) a = deceleration rate, m/s 2 (ft/s 2) Actual braking distances are affected by the vehicle type and condition, the incline of the road, the available traction, and numerous other factors. A deceleration rate of 3.4 m/s 2 (11.2 ft/s 2) is used to determine stopping sight distance. [6]
Adaptive cruise control does not provide full autonomy: the system only provides some help to the driver, but does not drive the car by itself. [3] For example, the driver is able to set the cruise control to 55mph, if the car while traveling that speed catches up to another vehicle going only 45mph, the ACC will cause the car to automatically brake and maintain a safe distance behind the ...
When the collision becomes imminent, they can take action autonomously without any driver input (by braking or steering or both). Collision avoidance by braking is appropriate at low vehicle speeds (e.g. below 50 km/h (31 mph)), while collision avoidance by steering may be more appropriate at higher vehicle speeds if lanes are clear. [3]
This means that, for example, if two vehicles both moving at 45 MPH collide head-on, the effective crash speed is 90 MPH; if the weights of both vehicles are about the same, then the crash forces experienced by the occupants of both vehicles will be essentially equal to those forces that would be experienced if one of the vehicles were ...
Traffic waves, also called stop waves, ghost jams, traffic snakes or traffic shocks, are traveling disturbances in the distribution of cars on a highway.Traffic waves travel backwards relative to the cars themselves. [1]
A diagram of an aquaplaning tire Two vehicles aquaplaning through large puddles on the road's surface. Aquaplaning or hydroplaning by the tires of a road vehicle, aircraft or other wheeled vehicle occurs when a layer of water builds between the wheels of the vehicle and the road surface, leading to a loss of traction that prevents the vehicle from responding to control inputs.