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Nitrate should be well below 10 ppm, but close to zero is best. Phosphate should be below 0.3 ppm. Alkalinity should be 3.2–4.5 meq/L. or 7 and 12 degrees of carbonate hardness (dKH). [21] [22] Copper concentration should be measured and not rise over 0.15 ppm [23] Calcium should be around ~ 400 ppm [24] Magnesium levels should be ~1250 ...
The toxicity of ammonia is dependent on both pH and temperature and an added complexity is the buffering effect of the blood/water interface across the gill membrane which masks any additional toxicity over about pH 8.0. The management of river chemistry to avoid ecological damage is particularly difficult in the case of ammonia as a wide range ...
Typically, after a system has stabilized ammonia levels range from 0.25 to .50 ppm; nitrite levels range from 0.0 to 0.25 ppm, and nitrate levels range from 5 to 150 ppm. [citation needed] During system startup, systems take several weeks to begin the nitrification process. [36]
Through the Safe Drinking Water Act, the United States Environmental Protection Agency has set a maximum contaminant level of 10 mg/L or 10 ppm of nitrate in drinking water. [ 18 ] An acceptable daily intake (ADI) for nitrate ions was established in the range of 0–3.7 mg (kg body weight) −1 day −1 by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on ...
Keeping the pH in a suitable range (5.0-9.0 for freshwater systems) is crucial to maintain the health of both the fish and biofilter. pH is typically controlled by the addition of alkalinity in the form of lime (CaCO 3) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH). A low pH will lead to high levels of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO 2), which can prove toxic to fish.
In wastewater treatment, the absence of oxygen alone is indicated anoxic while the term anaerobic is used to indicate the absence of any common electron acceptor such as nitrate, sulfate or oxygen. When oxygen is depleted in a basin, bacteria first turn to the second-best electron acceptor, which in sea water, is nitrate.
Devarda's alloy (Copper/Aluminium/Zinc) is a reducing agent.When reacted with nitrate in sodium hydroxide solution, ammonia is liberated. The ammonia formed may be detected by its characteristic odor, and by damp red litmus paper's turning blue, signalling that it is an alkali — very few gases other than ammonia evolved from wet chemistry are alkaline.
Manganese(II) nitrate refers to the inorganic compounds with formula Mn(NO 3) 2 ·(H 2 O) n.These compounds are nitrate salts containing varying amounts of water. A common derivative is the tetrahydrate, Mn(NO 3) 2 ·4H 2 O, but mono- and hexahydrates are also known as well as the anhydrous compound.
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