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More than 8000 species of sea sponges live in oceanic and freshwater habitats. [1] Sponge fishing historically has been an important and lucrative industry, with yearly catches from years 1913 to 1938 regularly exceeding 181 tonnes and generating over 1 million U.S. dollars.
Hexactinellid sponges require a hard substrate, and do not anchor to muddy or sandy sea floors. [6] They are found only where sedimentation rates are low, dissolved silica is high (43–75 μM), and bottom currents are between 0.15 and 0.30 m/s. [5] Dissolved oxygen is low (64–152 μM), and temperatures are a cool 5.5-7.3 °C at the reefs. [5]
Sponges or sea sponges are primarily marine invertebrates of the ... Leuconid sponges grow to over 1 m (3.3 ft) in diameter, and the fact that growth in any direction ...
The study’s authors collected sponges from waters at least 100 feet deep off Puerto Rico and near the island of St. Croix, analyzed their skeletons’ chemical composition, charted their ...
Chondrocladia lyra, also known as the lyre sponge or harp sponge, is a species of carnivorous deep-sea sponge first discovered off the Californian coast living at depths of 10,800–11,500 feet (3,300–3,500 m) by Welton L. Lee, Henry M Reiswig, William C. Austin, and Lonny Lundsten from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI).
The yellow boring sponge is native to the north-eastern Pacific Ocean, its range extending from Alaska to Baja California. It is most often found in the subtidal zone but also occurs in the intertidal zone. It is more common in the colder waters in the northern part of its range than it is in the southern part, and it occurs at depths down to ...
The perennial plant northern sea oats offer visual appeal throughout the year. The ornamental grass also provides seeds for wildlife during winter.
Callyspongia crassa, commonly known as prickly tube-sponge, is a species of sponge found from the Red Sea to the Seychelles.Its wide flexible brown tube with exterior protuberances can appear as a single tube or as clusters of tubes and can reach up to 50 centimeters (20 inches) in size.