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The Catalan phonology (or Valencian phonology) has a certain degree of dialectal variation.Although there are two standard varieties, one based on Central Eastern dialect and another one based on South-Western or Valencian, this article deals with features of all or most dialects, as well as regional pronunciation differences.
The keys above (Help:IPA/Catalan § Key for standard Catalan and Valencian) represent only standard pronunciations across Wikipedia, however it is also included additional transcriptions for Insular Catalan (see Help:IPA/Insular Catalan) and for varieties such as North-Western and the Valencian dialects with vowel harmony (see "Other ...
The following are the non-pulmonic consonants.They are sounds whose airflow is not dependent on the lungs. These include clicks (found in the Khoisan languages and some neighboring Bantu languages of Africa), implosives (found in languages such as Sindhi, Hausa, Swahili and Vietnamese), and ejectives (found in many Amerindian and Caucasian languages).
See also wikt:Help:Audio pronunciations. Upload the pronunciation to Wikimedia Commons using the Upload Wizard. At the "Release rights" step, it is recommended to select "Use a different license" and then "Creative Commons CC0 Waiver" — because audio pronunciations are very short, the requirements imposed by other licenses can be problematic.
This chart provides audio examples for phonetic vowel symbols. The symbols shown include those in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and added material. The chart is based on the official IPA vowel chart. [1] The International Phonetic Alphabet is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet.
Regardless of the pronunciation, which can be unvoiced or voiced depending on the phonetic context, the use of the spellings d or t conforms to the following rules: a) The final consonant of the following syllable is written with d of consonant, in word-initial position: a d judicar ('to award, adjudge'), a d missió ('admission').
Many users have complained of restrictions to download audio. [13] [14] Forvo tried to revoke the rights of users and impede them from downloading their own voices. More than 5 million audios were recorded under a Creative Commons License that grants irrevocable rights to users to obtain a copy, modify and redistribute the data. [15]
Square brackets are used with phonetic notation, whether broad or narrow [17] – that is, for actual pronunciation, possibly including details of the pronunciation that may not be used for distinguishing words in the language being transcribed, but which the author nonetheless wishes to document. Such phonetic notation is the primary function ...