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Headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines, where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to the coast. Bays form when weak (less resistant) rocks (such as sands and clays) are eroded, leaving bands of stronger (more resistant) rocks (such as chalk, limestone, and granite) forming a headland, or peninsula.
The differing resistance to erosion leads to the formation of headlands and bays. A hard rock type such as granite is resistant to erosion and creates a promontory whilst a softer rock type such as the clays of Bagshot Beds is easily eroded creating a bay.
The more significant ones have been tagged with an *. Headlands around the British coast are most commonly named as 'point', 'ness' or 'head' though 'trwyn' (nose), 'penrhyn' (peninsula) and 'pen' (head) are common in Wales as is 'rubha' in western Scotland. Below is a list of headlands of the United Kingdom sorted by county.
The coastline of the United Kingdom is formed by a variety of natural features including islands, bays, headlands and peninsulas. It consists of the coastline of the island of Great Britain, the north-east coast of the island of Ireland, as well as many much smaller islands. Much of the coastline is accessible and quite varied in geography and ...
Freshwater Bay, Isle of Wight is an example of an area of concordant coastline - the town of Freshwater is situated on a cove which formed in the hard chalk coastline.. In coastal geography, a concordant, longitudinal, or Pacific type coastline occurs where beds, or layers, of differing rock types are folded into ridges that run parallel to the coast. [1]
This list catalogues about 400 of the coastal landforms of the island including bays, estuaries, harbours, headlands, and many others. [3] [4] [5] Most offshore features such as islands, stags , and rocks are omitted but are presented at List of islands of Ireland. A list of beaches is available at List of beaches in Ireland.
Parts of a coastline can be categorised as high energy coast or low energy coast. The distinguishing characteristics of a high energy coast are that the average wave energy is relatively high so that erosion of small grained material tends to exceed deposition, and consequently landforms like cliffs, headlands and wave-cut terraces develop. [30]
Collapsed Ordovician limestone bank showing coastal erosion.NW Osmussaar, Estonia.. Coastal geography is the study of the constantly changing region between the ocean and the land, incorporating both the physical geography (i.e. coastal geomorphology, climatology and oceanography) and the human geography (sociology and history) of the coast.