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Nitric acid reacts with most metals, but the details depend on the concentration of the acid and the nature of the metal. Dilute nitric acid behaves as a typical acid in its reaction with most metals. Magnesium, manganese, and zinc liberate H 2: Mg + 2 HNO 3 → Mg(NO 3) 2 + H 2 Mn + 2 HNO 3 → Mn(NO 3) 2 + H 2 Zn + 2 HNO 3 → Zn(NO 3) 2 + H 2
J.A. Dean (ed.), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 6, Thermodynamic Properties; Table 6.4, Heats of Fusion, Vaporization, and Sublimation and Specific Heat at Various Temperatures of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds
Temperature-dependency of the heats of vaporization for water, methanol, benzene, and acetone. In thermodynamics, the enthalpy of vaporization (symbol ∆H vap), also known as the (latent) heat of vaporization or heat of evaporation, is the amount of energy that must be added to a liquid substance to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas.
Principle of a group-contribution method. The Joback method is a group-contribution method.These kinds of methods use basic structural information of a chemical molecule, like a list of simple functional groups, add parameters to these functional groups, and calculate thermophysical and transport properties as a function of the sum of group parameters.
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The August equation describes a linear relation between the logarithm of the pressure and the reciprocal temp. This assumes a temperature-independent heat of vaporization. The Antoine equation allows an improved, but still inexact description of the change of the heat of vaporization with the temperature.
This reaction is the first step in the production of nitric acid: [13] 4 NH 3 + 7 O 2 → 4 NO 2 + 6 H 2 O. It can also be produced by the oxidation of nitrosyl chloride: 2 NOCl + O 2 → 2NO 2 + Cl 2. Instead, most laboratory syntheses stabilize and then heat the nitric acid to accelerate the decomposition.
The Ostwald process begins with burning ammonia.Ammonia burns in oxygen at temperature about 900 °C (1,650 °F) and pressure up to 8 standard atmospheres (810 kPa) [4] in the presence of a catalyst such as platinum gauze, alloyed with 10% rhodium to increase its strength and nitric oxide yield, platinum metal on fused silica wool, copper or nickel to form nitric oxide (nitrogen(II) oxide) and ...