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Often a secondary covering called the periderm forms on small woody stems and many non-woody plants, which is composed of cork (phellem), the cork cambium (phellogen), and the phelloderm. The periderm forms from the phellogen which serves as a lateral meristem. The periderm replaces the epidermis, and acts as a protective covering like the ...
Phellogen is defined as the meristematic cell layer responsible for the development of the periderm. Cells that grow inwards from there are termed phelloderm, and cells that develop outwards are termed phellem or cork (note similarity with vascular cambium). The periderm thus consists of three different layers: [1] [2]
The dark horizontal lines on silver birch bark are the lenticels. [1]A lenticel is a porous tissue consisting of cells with large intercellular spaces in the periderm of the secondarily thickened organs and the bark of woody stems and roots of gymnosperms and dicotyledonous flowering plants. [2]
Cork cambium, a tissue found in many vascular plants as part of the periderm. Unifacial cambium , which ultimately produces cells to the interior of its cylinder. Vascular cambium , a lateral meristem in the vascular tissue of plants.
Suberin is a lipophilic, complex polyester biopolymer of plants, composed of long-chain fatty acids called suberin acids and glycerol.Suberin, interconnected with cutins and lignins, also complex macromolecules, form a protective barrier in the epidermal and peridermal cell walls of higher plants.
Vernix is produced during a distinct phase of the epidermal development. [2] Around the 21st week of gestation, periderm cells are being shed and replaced with stratum corneum; these shedding mix with secretions of sebum by the sebaceous glands to form vernix, which gradually covers the body in an anteroposterior and dorsoventral pattern.
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The periderm is produced in the outer cortex. The periderm is bizonate in Diaphorodendron, where the inner zone consists of alternatingly thick and thin walled cells, and the outer zone contains dark, “resinous” cells. The homogenous or bizonate periderm is massive in Lepidodendron. [6]