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Direct torque control (DTC) is one method used in variable-frequency drives to control the torque (and thus finally the speed) of three-phase AC electric motors. This involves calculating an estimate of the motor's magnetic flux and torque based on the measured voltage and current of the motor.
The scan tool is connected to the vehicle's data link connector (DLC) and, depending on the particular tool, may only read out diagnostic trouble codes or DTC's (this would be considered a "code reader") or may have more capabilities. Actual scan tools will display live data stream (inputs and outputs), have bi-directional controls (the ability ...
DTC grouping is used to loosely identify fault locations in undocumented ECU's. 0x14 00 00 00 to FF FF FF clears specific powertrain DTC's; 0x14 40 00 00 to 7F FF FF clears specific chassis DTC's; 0x14 80 00 00 to BF FF FF clears specific body DTC's; 0x14 C0 00 00 to FF FF FF clears specific network related DTC's. 0x14 FF FF 33 clears all ...
A group of tell-tales showing lights for "brake fluid", "stop lamp" and "check engine" Graphical tell-talesA tell-tale, sometimes called an idiot light [1] or warning light, is an indicator of malfunction or operation of a system, indicated by a binary (on/off) illuminated light, symbol or text legend.
After a car accident, one of the first orders of business is determining fault. Fault refers to who is deemed responsible for causing the incident. Car insurance companies rely on this information ...
The predecessor of modern electronic traction control systems can be found in high-torque, high-power rear-wheel-drive cars as a limited slip differential.A limited-slip differential is a purely mechanical system that transfers a relatively small amount of power to the non-slipping wheel, while still allowing some wheel spin to occur.
Currently, 12 states follow no-fault insurance laws, with the remaining states and Washington, D.C. being considered at-fault states. In a no-fault state, both parties will file a claim with their ...
When one of these errors occurs, usually it will turn on the "check engine" light on the dashboard. The PCM is one of potentially several on-board computers, or essentially the "brain" of the engine control system. [1] The primary inputs to the PCM come from many sensors, of different types, that are spread around the car.