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It models burst noise (also called popcorn noise or random telegraph signal). If the two possible values that a random variable can take are c 1 {\displaystyle c_{1}} and c 2 {\displaystyle c_{2}} , then the process can be described by the following master equations :
It is also called random telegraph noise (RTN), popcorn noise, impulse noise, bi-stable noise, or random telegraph signal (RTS) noise. It consists of sudden step-like transitions between two or more discrete voltage or current levels, as high as several hundred microvolts , at random and unpredictable times.
In statistics, econometrics, and signal processing, an autoregressive (AR) model is a representation of a type of random process; as such, it can be used to describe certain time-varying processes in nature, economics, behavior, etc.
Point processes: random arrangements of points in a space . They can be modelled as stochastic processes where the domain is a sufficiently large family of subsets of S , ordered by inclusion; the range is the set of natural numbers; and, if A is a subset of B , ƒ ( A ) ≤ ƒ ( B ) with probability 1.
JAX is a machine learning framework for transforming numerical functions developed by Google with some contributions from Nvidia. [2] [3] [4] It is described as bringing together a modified version of autograd (automatic obtaining of the gradient function through differentiation of a function) and OpenXLA's XLA (Accelerated Linear Algebra).
Shogun is a free, open-source machine learning software library written in C++. It offers numerous algorithms and data structures for machine learning problems. It offers interfaces for Octave, Python, R, Java, Lua, Ruby and C# using SWIG. It is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 or later.
ensmallen [7] is a high quality C++ library for non linear numerical optimizer, it uses Armadillo or bandicoot for linear algebra and it is used by mlpack to provide optimizer for training machine learning algorithms. Similar to mlpack, ensmallen is a header-only library and supports custom behavior using callbacks functions allowing the users ...
Caffe is being used in academic research projects, startup prototypes, and even large-scale industrial applications in vision, speech, and multimedia. Yahoo! has also integrated Caffe with Apache Spark to create CaffeOnSpark, a distributed deep learning framework.