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Allusion is an economical device, a figure of speech that uses a relatively short space to draw upon the ready stock of ideas, cultural memes or emotion already associated with a topic. Thus, an allusion is understandable only to those with prior knowledge of the covert reference in question, a mark of their cultural literacy. [8]
Figurative language examples include “similes, metaphors, personification, hyperbole, allusions, and idioms.”” [4] One of the most commonly cited examples of a metaphor in English literature comes from the "All the world's a stage" monologue from As You Like It:
An allusion is understandable only to those with prior knowledge of the reference in question (which the writer assumes to be so). Allusions are structurally related to idioms. Note: An illusion is a different part of speech that should not be confused with an allusion. Examples: Utopian discord; A Pearl Harbor sneak-attack
While a horse figures in some allusions by later writers, the ox is the preferred beast in Renaissance emblem books. It appears as such in a Latin poem by Hieronymus Osius (1564), although the accompanying illustration shows both an ox and an ass and the dog there, as in Steinhöwel, carries a bone clenched between its teeth. [9]
For example, S sounds can imply danger or make the audience feel as if they are being deceived. [37] Other sounds can likewise generate positive or negative responses. [38] Alliteration serves to "intensify any attitude being signified". [39]: 6–7 An example is in John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address, in which he uses alliteration 21 times.
For example, the phrase, "John, my best friend" uses the scheme known as apposition. Tropes (from Greek trepein, 'to turn') change the general meaning of words. An example of a trope is irony, which is the use of words to convey the opposite of their usual meaning ("For Brutus is an honorable man; / So are they all, all honorable men").
Example: "From up here on the fourteenth floor, my brother Charley looks like an insect scurrying among other insects." (from "Sweet Potato Pie," Eugenia Collier) (from "Sweet Potato Pie," Eugenia Collier)
Utamakura is a category of poetic words, often involving place names, that allow for greater allusions and intertextuality across Japanese poems.. Utamakura enables poets to express ideas and themes concisely—thus allowing them to stay in the confines of strict waka structures.