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Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is altered organ function in an acutely ill patient requiring immediate medical intervention. [1]There are different stages of organ dysfunction for certain different organs, both in acute and in chronic onset, whether or not there are one or more organs affected.
It was previously believed that low cardiac output in heart failure patients results in decreased blood flow to the kidneys which can lead to progressive deterioration of kidney function. As a result, diuresis of these patients will result in hypovolemia and pre-renal azotemia.
Blood tests are also used to assess kidney function. These include tests that are intended to directly measure the function of the kidneys, as well as tests that assess the function of the kidneys by looking for evidence of problems associated with abnormal function. One of the measures of kidney function is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS) is a group of blood disorders characterized by low red blood cells, acute kidney injury (previously called acute renal failure), and low platelets. [1] [3] Initial symptoms typically include bloody diarrhea, fever, vomiting, and weakness. [1] [2] Kidney problems and low platelets then occur as the diarrhea ...
Kidney ischemia is a loss of blood flow to the kidney cells. Several physical symptoms include shrinkage of one or both kidneys, [19] renovascular hypertension, [20] acute renal failure, [19] progressive azotemia, [19] and acute pulmonary edema. [19] It is a disease with high mortality rate and high morbidity. [21]
In humans, the kidneys together receive roughly 20 - 25% of cardiac output, amounting to 1.2 - 1.3 L/min in a healthy adult. [1] It passes about 94% to the cortex. RBF is closely related to renal plasma flow (RPF), which is the volume of blood plasma delivered to the kidneys per unit time.
Among the accidental causes of renal failure is the crush syndrome, when large amounts of toxins are suddenly released in the blood circulation after a long compressed limb is suddenly relieved from the pressure obstructing the blood flow through its tissues, causing ischemia. The resulting overload can lead to the clogging and the destruction ...
Osmotic diuresis: the increase in urine production due to an excess of osmotic (namely glucose and urea) load in the tubules of the kidneys; Overuse of pharmacologic diuretics; Impaired response to hormones controlling salt and water balance (see mineralocorticoids) Impaired kidney function due to tubular injury or other diseases