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In business and for engineering economics in both industrial engineering and civil engineering practice, the minimum acceptable rate of return, often abbreviated MARR, or hurdle rate is the minimum rate of return on a project a manager or company is willing to accept before starting a project, given its risk and the opportunity cost of forgoing other projects. [1]
The result of the conversion is called the rate of return. [2] Typically, the period of time is a year, in which case the rate of return is also called the annualized return, and the conversion process, described below, is called annualization. The return on investment (ROI) is return per dollar invested.
Rate of return pricing enables firms to better assess the profitability of a product or service. It enables the cost of invested capital to be accounted when the setting price per unit and can be used to forecast the end monetary return of an exercise. It also helps the company in reaching certain profit goals' while maintaining liquidity. [3]
The rate of return on a portfolio can be calculated indirectly as the weighted average rate of return on the various assets within the portfolio. [3] The weights are proportional to the value of the assets within the portfolio, to take into account what portion of the portfolio each individual return represents in calculating the contribution of that asset to the return on the portfolio.
Thus, internal rate(s) of return follow from the NPV as a function of the rate of return. This function is continuous. Towards a rate of return of −100% the NPV approaches infinity with the sign of the last cash flow, and towards a rate of return of positive infinity the NPV approaches the first cash flow (the one at the present).
R f is the expected risk-free return in that market (government bond yield); β s is the sensitivity to market risk for the security; R m is the historical return of the stock market; and (R m – R f) is the risk premium of market assets over risk free assets. The risk free rate is the yield on long term bonds in the particular market, such as ...
Return and rate of return are sometimes treated as interchangeable terms, but the return calculated by a method such as the time-weighted method is the holding period return per dollar (or per some other unit of currency), not per year (or other unit of time), unless the holding period happens to be one year. Annualization, which means ...
Return on capital (ROC), or return on invested capital (ROIC), is a ratio used in finance, valuation and accounting, as a measure of the profitability and value-creating potential of companies relative to the amount of capital invested by shareholders and other debtholders. [1] It indicates how effective a company is at turning capital into ...