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Patriarchy is a social system in which positions of authority are primarily held by men. The term patriarchy is used both in anthropology to describe a family or clan controlled by the father or eldest male or group of males, and in feminist theory to describe a broader social structure in which men as a group dominate society. [1] [2] [3]
The term was coined by Turkish author and researcher Deniz Kandiyoti in her 1988 article, "Bargaining with Patriarchy", which appeared in the September issue of Gender & Society. [ 1 ] Sociologist Lisa Wade states that patriarchal bargain is "an individual strategy designed to manipulate the system to one’s best advantage, but one that leaves ...
In Liechtenstein, women were given the right to vote by the women's suffrage referendum of 1984. Three prior referendums held in 1968, 1971 and 1973 had failed to secure women's right to vote. [68] Workers in the US Women's Army Corps deploying to Europe to fulfill the labor roles of men who were being redeployed to the Pacific, 1945
Ross was one of the African American women who first coined the term "reproductive justice," with the aim to frame the pursuit of reproductive justice using the social justice framework. [ 3 ] Ross acted as National Co-director for women of color [ 1 ] of Washington, D.C.'s March for Women's Lives on April 25, 2004. [ 19 ]
Bra-burning, although fictional, [188] became associated with the movement, and the media coined other terms such as "libber". [clarification needed] "Women's Liberation" persisted over the other rival terms for the new feminism, captured the popular imagination, and has endured alongside the older term "Women's Movement". [189]
Women's work is considered "secondary wages" under patriarchy. [22] Even women who can work full-time and do the same jobs as men are not paid equally. Tong claims that "women are paid less simply because they are women, a very disturbing thought to say the least." [22] The gender pay gap is an issue that is especially prevalent in the United ...
In the most general terms, feminist literary criticism before the 1970s was concerned with the politics of women's authorship and the representation of women's condition within literature. [65] Since the arrival of more complex conceptions of gender and subjectivity, feminist literary criticism has taken a variety of new routes.
Excessive gender neutrality can worsen the situation of women, because the law assumes women are in the same position as men, ignoring the biological fact that in the process of reproduction and pregnancy there is no 'equality', and that apart from physical differences there are socially constructed limitations which assign a socially and ...