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Babylonian kudurru of the late Kassite period found near Baghdad by the French botanist André Michaux (Cabinet des Médailles, Paris). A kudurru was a type of stone document used as a boundary stone and as a record of land grants to vassals by the Kassites and later dynasties in ancient Babylonia between the 16th and 7th centuries BC.
Old boundary stone on the Limes border wall of the Roman Empire. In ancient Roman religion, the god Terminus was worshiped as the patron god of boundary markers. [20] Ovid, in a hymn directed to the god, wrote: "O Terminus, whether thou art a stone or a stump buried in the field, … thou dost set bounds to people and cities and vast kingdoms ...
The Nazimaruttash kudurru stone is a boundary stone of Nazimaruttaš, a Kassite king of Babylon, c. 1307–1282 BC (short chronology). It was found at Susa and is now displayed at the Louvre . Some kudurrus are known for their portrayal of the king, etc., who consigned it.
The Kudurru for Šitti-Marduk is a white limestone boundary stone of Nebuchadrezzar I, a king of the 2nd Dynasty of Isin, c. the late 12th century BC. He is known to have made at least four kudurru boundary stones. Some kudurrus are known for their representations of the king, etc., who conscripted the stones production.
In Roman religion, Terminus was the god who protected boundary markers; his name was the Latin word for such a marker. Sacrifices were performed to sanctify each boundary stone, and landowners celebrated a festival called the "Terminalia" in Terminus' honor each year on February 23.
Most kudurrus represent Mesopotamian gods, which are often displayed graphically in segmented registers on the stone. The Marduk-nadin-ahhe kudurru shows the king standing in royal garb, holding a bow and two arrows. Above his portrayal is one register displaying the gods represented on the boundary stone contract. A caption attests that he is ...
Along the London road at Rainham is a small hamlet, now part of the town itself, known as Rainham Mark. Here once stood an ancient boundary stone, near The Hops and Vine public house – formerly The Belisha Beacon – and since replaced by a milestone that, traditionally, marks the division of Kent into its eastern and western zones.
Photo 1: Bai sema at Wat Mahathat, Sukhothai Historical Park Bai sema (Thai: ใบเสมา, pronounced [bāj sěː.māː]) are boundary stones which designate the sacred area for a phra ubosot (ordination hall) within a Thai Buddhist temple (); otherwise called sema hin (เสมาหิน).