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In physiology, a stimulus [1] is a change in a living thing's internal or external environment. This change can be detected by an organism or organ using sensitivity, and leads to a physiological reaction. [ 2 ]
Warm and cold sensitive nerve fibers differ in structure and function. The cold-sensitive and warm-sensitive nerve fibers are underneath the skin surface. Terminals of each temperature-sensitive fiber do not branch away to different organs in the body. They form a small sensitive point which are unique from neighboring fibers.
Neural adaptation or sensory adaptation is a gradual decrease over time in the responsiveness of the sensory system to a constant stimulus. It is usually experienced as a change in the stimulus. For example, if a hand is rested on a table, the table's surface is immediately felt against the skin.
A sensitivity guarantees that the distance from the critical point to the Nyquist curve is always greater than and the Nyquist curve of the loop transfer function is always outside a circle around the critical point + with the radius , known as the sensitivity circle.
The adequate stimulus is the amount and type of energy required to stimulate a specific sensory organ. [1] Many of the sensory stimuli are categorized by the mechanics by which they are able to function and their purpose. Sensory receptors that are present within the body typically are made to respond to a single stimulus.
The dose–response relationship, or exposure–response relationship, describes the magnitude of the response of an organism, as a function of exposure (or doses) to a stimulus or stressor (usually a chemical) after a certain exposure time. [1] Dose–response relationships can be described by dose–response curves. This is explained further ...
Let denote the spatio-temporal stimulus vector preceding the 'th time bin, and the spike count in that bin. The stimuli can be assumed to have zero mean (i.e., [] =). If not, it can be transformed to have zero-mean by subtracting the mean stimulus from each vector.
In this sequence, stimulus intensity increases from subthreshold to easily detectable. Both sequences are repeated several times. This yields several momentary threshold values. In the following step, mean values are calculated for ascending and descending sequences separately. The mean value will be lower for descending sequences.