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Martyrdom in Judaism is one of the main examples of Jews doing a kiddush Hashem, a Hebrew term which means "sanctification of the Name". [1] An example of this is public self-sacrifice in accordance with Jewish practice and identity, with the possibility of being killed for no other reason than being Jewish.
Instead of being victims, the Jews killed "all the people who wanted to kill them." [47] The king gave the Jews the ability to defend themselves against their enemies who tried to kill them, [48] numbering 75,000 (Esther 9:16) including Haman, an Amalekite that led the plot to kill the Jews.
Many [neutrality is disputed] scholars interpret the book of Joshua as referring to what would now be considered genocide. [1] When the Israelites arrive in the Promised Land, they are commanded to annihilate "the Hittites and the Amorites, the Canaanites and the Perizzites, the Hivites and the Jebusites" who already lived there, to avoid being tempted into idolatry. [2]
Judaism's doctrines and texts have sometimes been associated with violence. Laws requiring the eradication of evil, sometimes using violent means, exist in the Jewish tradition. Judaism also contains peaceful doctrines. [2] [9] [10] [11] Attitudes and laws towards both peace and violence exist within the Jewish tradition. [2]
Victims are in part defined by their apparent lack of choices in the face of perpetrators' violence. Ehrenreich and Cole describe the victims' place in mass atrocity this way: "The spectrum for the victim group is not one of power or action (i.e., degree of involvement in or avoidance of the destruction process) but reaction.
Jews outside of the Reconstructionist movement strenuously reject this charge. Although Reconstructionist Judaism does not require its membership to subscribe to any particular dogma, the Reconstructionist movement actively rejects or marginalizes certain beliefs held by other branches of Judaism, including many (if not all) of the 13 Principles.
Judaism describes various means of receiving atonement for sin, that is, reconciliation with God and release from punishment. The main method of atonement is via repentance. Other means (e.g. Temple sacrifices, judicial punishments, and returning stolen property) may be involved in the atonement process, together with repentance.
"Like sheep to the slaughter" (Hebrew: כצאן לטבח) is a phrase that refers to the idea that Jews went passively to their deaths during the Holocaust.It derives from a similar phrase in the Hebrew Bible that favorably depicts martyrdom in both the Jewish and Christian religious traditions.