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Mallinckrodt, Rebekka von, and Angela Schattner, eds. Sports and Physical Exercise in Early Modern Culture: New Perspectives on the History of Sports and Motion (2017) Mechikoff, Robert A. A history and philosophy of sport and physical education: from ancient civilizations to the modern world (McGraw-Hill, 2014) Tsai, Chiung-Tzu Lucetta, and ...
During the early and mid-19th century, these printed works and items of apparatus generally addressed exercise as a form of remedial physical therapy. Certain items of equipment and types of exercise were common to several different physical culture systems, including exercises with Indian clubs, medicine balls, wooden or iron wands and dumbbells.
Fitness culture refers to the societal norms, values, and behaviors related to physical fitness and exercise. It encompasses a wide range of activities, beliefs, and practices that revolve around maintaining a healthy and active lifestyle. Fitness culture has evolved over the years and can vary greatly from one region or community to another.
The physical activity that developed into sports had early links with warfare and entertainment. [1] Study of the history of sport can teach lessons about social changes and about the nature of sport itself, as sport seems involved in the development of basic human skills (compare play).
In the early 1970s commercialized fitness programs continued to be popular. One boasted of results in only three days, through doing just five minutes of ab exercises a day. The before pictures portray a sad, pudgy woman, while the picture of 'after 14 days' pictures her with a very thin waist, toned arms, large bust, and a beaming smile.
The benefits of physical activity range widely. Most types of physical activity improve health and well-being. Physical activity refers to any body movement that burns calories. “Exercise,” a subcategory of physical activity, refers to planned, structured, and repetitive activities aimed at improving physical fitness and health. [1]
Their curricula included self-defense, gymnastics medica, or physical therapy to help the sick and injured, and for physical fitness and sports, from boxing to dancing to skipping rope. [3] Gymnasiums also had teachers of wisdom and philosophy. Community gymnastic events were done as part of the celebrations during various village festivals.
Lack of physical education is the inadequacy of the provision and effectiveness of exercise and physical activity within modern education. [1]When physical education fails to meet its goals of providing students with the knowledge base, life habits, and mindset necessary to be physically active throughout their lifetime, [2] it can lead children to adopt a sedentary lifestyle.