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The size of the brain is a frequent topic of study within the fields of anatomy, biological anthropology, animal science and evolution.Measuring brain size and cranial capacity is relevant both to humans and other animals, and can be done by weight or volume via MRI scans, by skull volume, or by neuroimaging intelligence testing.
A meta-analytic review by McDaniel found that the correlation between intelligence and in vivo brain size was larger for females (0.40) than for males (0.25). [18] The same study also found that the correlation between brain size and Intelligence increased with age, with children showing smaller correlations. [18]
Using MRI, researchers are able to acquire volumetric measurements of brain size. Some studies have tried to explain the relationship between brain size (meaning volume) and intelligence, specifically in terms of IQ. In general, it has been found that Full Scale IQ and Verbal IQ have a stronger correlation with brain size than Performance IQ.
The human brain contains 86 billion neurons, with 16 billion neurons in the cerebral cortex. [ 2 ] [ 1 ] Neuron counts constitute an important source of insight on the topic of neuroscience and intelligence : the question of how the evolution of a set of components and parameters (~10 11 neurons, ~10 14 synapses) of a complex system leads to ...
Brain–body mass relationship for mammals [dubious – discuss]. Brain–body mass ratio, also known as the brain–body weight ratio, is the ratio of brain mass to body mass, which is hypothesized to be a rough estimate of the intelligence of an animal, although fairly inaccurate in many cases.
Comparison of actual brain size with the size expected from allometry provides an encephalization quotient (EQ) that can be used as a more accurate indicator of an animal's intelligence. Brain of the sperm whale, considered the largest brain in the animal kingdom. Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) have the largest known brain mass of any ...
In 1889, Sir Francis Galton, through a study on college students, attempted to quantify the relationship between brain size and intelligence. [43] Due to Hitler's racial policies during World War II, studies on brain size and intelligence temporarily gained a negative reputation. [43]
While decreased brain size has strong correlation with lower intelligence in humans, some modern humans have brain sizes as small as with Homo erectus but normal intelligence (based on IQ tests) for modern humans. Increased brain size in humans may allow for greater capacity for specialized expertise. [113]
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