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Current limiting reactor. The main motive of using current limiting reactors is to reduce short-circuit currents so that circuit breakers with lower short circuit breaking capacity can be used. They can also be used to protect other system components from high current levels and to limit the inrush current when starting a large motor. [5]
Current limiting is the practice of imposing a limit on the current that may be delivered to a load to protect the circuit generating or transmitting the current from harmful effects due to a short-circuit or overload. The term "current limiting" is also used to define a type of overcurrent protective device.
It consists of a power capacitor connected in series with a bidirectional thyristor valve and, usually, a current limiting reactor . The thyristor switched capacitor is an important component of a Static VAR Compensator (SVC), [1] [2] where it is often used in conjunction with a thyristor controlled reactor (TCR).
Shunt reactors are used in power systems to counteract the effect of the line parasitic capacitance, thereby stabilizing the system voltage within acceptable limits. [1] The utility of shunt reactors for voltage control on lightly-loaded transmission lines was examined in a 1926 paper presented at the AIEE by Edith Clarke . [ 2 ]
According to the patent application [5] the reactor design has some notable characteristics, that sets it apart from other reactor designs. It uses uranium hydride (UH 3) "low-enriched" to 5% uranium-235—the remainder is uranium-238—as the nuclear fuel, rather than the usual metallic uranium or uranium dioxide that composes the fuel rods of contemporary light-water reactors.
English: Schematic diagram of an Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor type nuclear reactor 1. Charge tubes 2. Control rods 3. Graphite moderator 4. Fuel assemblies 5. Concrete pressure vessel and radiation shielding 6. Gas circulator 7. Water 8. Water circulator 9. Heat exchanger 10. Steam
The current in the TCR is varied from maximum (determined by the connection voltage and the inductance of the reactor) to almost zero by varying the "Firing Delay Angle", α. α is defined as the delay angle from the point at which the voltage becomes positive to the point at which the thyristor valve is turned on and current starts to flow.
A typical application of inrush current limiters is in the input stage of non-power factor corrected switching supplies, to reduce the initial surge of current from the line input to the reservoir capacitor. The most popular application is the inrush protection of the AC current in switching power supplies (SPS).