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  2. Epenthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epenthesis

    Vowel insertion in the middle of a word can be observed in the history of the Slavic languages, which had a preference for open syllables in medieval times. An example of this is the Proto-Slavic form * gordŭ 'town', in which the East Slavic languages inserted an epenthetic copy vowel to open the closed syllable , resulting in городъ ...

  3. Glottalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottalization

    Glottalization varies along three parameters, all of which are continuums. The degree of glottalization varies from none (modal voice, [d]) through stiff voice ([d̬]) and creaky voice ([d̰]) to full glottal closure (glottal reinforcement or glottal replacement, described below).

  4. Prosodic bootstrapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosodic_bootstrapping

    Prosodic bootstrapping (also known as phonological bootstrapping) in linguistics refers to the hypothesis that learners of a primary language (L1) use prosodic features such as pitch, tempo, rhythm, amplitude, and other auditory aspects from the speech signal as a cue to identify other properties of grammar, such as syntactic structure. [1]

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  6. Assimilation (phonology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilation_(phonology)

    Coalescence is a phonological situation whereby adjacent sounds are replaced by a single sound that shares the features of the two originally adjacent sounds. In other words, coalescence is a type of assimilation whereby two sounds fuse to become one, and the fused sound shares similar characteristics with the two fused sounds.

  7. Paraphasia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraphasia

    Substitution errors involve a clear phonological substitution, such as "ragon" for wagon. Epenthetic errors are the insertion of a segment into the target, as in the case of "plants" for pants. Finally, metathetical errors are the full exchange of segments like "deks" for desk.

  8. Autosegmental phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autosegmental_phonology

    Autosegmental phonology is a framework of phonological analysis proposed by John Goldsmith in his PhD thesis in 1976 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).. As a theory of phonological representation, autosegmental phonology developed a formal account of ideas that had been sketched in earlier work by several linguists, notably Bernard Bloch (1948), Charles Hockett (1955) and J. R ...

  9. Subvocalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subvocalization

    Subvocalization, or silent speech, is the internal speech typically made when reading; it provides the sound of the word as it is read. [1] [2] This is a natural process when reading, and it helps the mind to access meanings to comprehend and remember what is read, potentially reducing cognitive load.