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Frictional keratosis (e.g. morsicatio buccarum, linea alba, factitious injury) Chemical burn Infective: Oral candidiasis: Oral hairy leukoplakia: Syphlytic leukoplakia Immunologic: Lichen planus: Lichenoid reaction (e.g. Lupus erythematosus, Graft versus host disease, Drug-induced lichenoid reaction) Psoriasis: Idiopathic and smoking related ...
The linea alba (Latin for: white line) is a strong fibrous midline structure [1] of the anterior abdominal wall [2] situated between the two recti abdominis muscles (one on either side). The umbilicus (navel) is a defect in the linea alba through which foetal umbilical vessels pass before birth. [ 1 ]
Histologically, an excess amount of keratin is noted on the surface of the tissue, and the tissue has all the layers of an orthokeratinized tissue with its granular and keratin layers. In patients who have habits such as clenching or grinding their teeth, a larger area of the buccal mucosa than just the linea alba becomes hyperkeratinized. This ...
There is a similarity between this appearance and that of hairy leukoplakia, linea alba and leukoedema. [2] In people with human immunodeficiency virus, who are at higher risk of oral hairy leukoplakia, a tissue biopsy may be required to differentiate between this and frictional keratosis from cheek and tongue chewing.
The cause is unknown, [2] but it is thought to be caused by intracellular edema of the superficial epithelial cells coupled with retention of superficial parakeratin. . Although leukoedema is thought to be a developmental condition, it may be more common and more pronounced in smokers, and becomes less noticeable when smoking is
Diagnosis is mainly clinical, based on the history and clinical appearance. The differential diagnosis includes other oral white lesions such as Leukoplakia, squamous cell carcinoma, oral candidiasis, lichen planus, white sponge nevus and contact stomatitis. [7] In contrast to pseudomembraneous candidiasis, this white patch cannot be wiped off. [7]
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Hairy leukoplakia is a white patch on the side of the tongue with a corrugated or hairy appearance. It is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and occurs usually in persons who are immunocompromised , especially those with human immunodeficiency virus infection/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS).