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[1] [2] First seen during a patriotic demonstration to commemorate the Decembrists, held in Warsaw on January 25, 1831 1, it was most probably authored by Joachim Lelewel. [3] The initial banner has the inscription in both Polish and Russian, and was meant to underline that the victory of Decembrists would also have meant liberty for Poland.
The Decembrist Revolt (Russian: Восстание декабристов, romanized: Vosstaniye dekabristov, lit. 'Uprising of the Decembrists') was a failed coup d'état led by liberal military and political dissidents against the Russian Empire.
In 1811, after Napoleon Bonaparte proclaimed the Duchy of Warsaw, Sowiński returned to Polish service. He fought in various battles of the Napoleonic wars. During Napoleon's 1812 invasion of Russia he lost a leg at the Battle of Borodino, near the village of Mozhaysk. He was awarded the Polish Virtuti Militari and the French Legion of Honor.
Richard Conrad Lukas (born August 29, 1937) is an American historian and author of books and articles on military, diplomatic, Polish, and Polish-American history.He specializes in the history of Poland during World War II.
The Intelligenzaktion (German pronunciation: [ɪntɛliˈɡɛnt͡s.akˌt͡sjoːn]), or the Intelligentsia mass shootings [citation needed], was a series of mass murders committed against the Polish intelligentsia (teachers, priests, physicians, and other prominent members of Polish society) during the early years of the Second World War (1939–45) by Nazi Germany.
Julian Leszczyński (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjuljan lɛˈʂtʂɨj̃skʲi]; 8 January 1889 – 20 August 1939), [1] also known by pseudonym Leński, was a Polish communist political activist, publicist, and leader of the Stalinist faction in the Communist Party of Poland (KPP). He led the party in the 1930s, and himself fell victim to the Great ...
Francis Romuald Spasowski was born in Warsaw, Poland on August 20, 1921. [1] His father, Władysław, was a university professor and leading intellectual. Although not a member of the Polish Communist party, Władysław Spasowski [] wrote "The Liberation of Man," an important Communist theoretical work, and raised Romuald to believe in Marxism long before it was fashionable in some Polish ...
Death mask of Alexander I.Alexander's death launched a sequence of events that culminated in the Decembrist revolt and the accession of Nicholas I.. The Russian interregnum of 1825 began December 1 [O.S. November 19] with the death of Alexander I in Taganrog and lasted until the accession of Nicholas I and the suppression of the Decembrist revolt on December 26 [O.S. December 14].