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Mitral regurgitation, also known as mitral insufficiency or mitral incompetence, is the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle, through the mitral valve, and into the left atrium, when the left ventricle contracts, resulting in a systolic murmur radiating to the left armpit.
This test can also show leaflet calcification and the pressure gradient over the mitral valve. [32] Severe mitral stenosis is defined as a mitral valve area <1.5 cm 2. [8] Progressive mitral stenosis has a normal valve area but will have increased flow velocity across the mitral valve. [8]
395 Diseases of aortic valve. 395.0 Rheumatic aortic stenosis; 395.1 Rheumatic aortic insufficiency; 395.2 Rheumatic aortic stenosis with insufficiency; 395.9 Other and unspecified; 396 Diseases of mitral and aortic valves; 397 Diseases of other endocardial structures. 397.0 Diseases of tricuspid valve; 397.1 Rheumatic diseases of pulmonary ...
The mitral valve opens when the pressure in the left atrium is greater than the pressure in the left ventricle. This happens in ventricular diastole (after closure of the aortic valve), when the pressure in the ventricle precipitously drops. In individuals with mitral stenosis, the pressure in the left atrium correlates with the severity of the ...
Mitral regurgitation: the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium, owing to insufficiency of the mitral valve; it may be acute or chronic, and is usually due to mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic heart disease, or a complication of cardiac dilatation. See also Mitral regurgitation.
Fibrosis and scarring of valve leaflets, commissures and cusps leads to abnormalities that can result in valve stenosis or regurgitation. [18] The inflammation caused by rheumatic fever, usually during childhood, is referred to as rheumatic valvulitis. About half of patients with rheumatic fever develop inflammation involving valvular ...
Mitral regurgitation can also be caused by rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can affect the heart tissue and lead to chronic rheumatic heart disease. The chronic inflammation leads to leaflet fibrosis, which makes it so that they don’t form a nice seal and instead let blood leak through.
In 1806, Jean-Nicolas Corvisart coined the term vegetation to describe collections of debris found on a mitral valve affected by infective endocarditis. [11] The British physician Joseph Hodgson was the first to describe the embolic complications of infective endocarditis in 1815. [ 11 ]