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This is a list of families in the phylum Basidiomycota of kingdom Fungi.The Basidiomycota are the second largest phyla of the fungi, containing 31515 species. [1] The phylum is divided into three subphyla, the Pucciniomycotina (rust fungi), the Ustilaginomycotina (smut fungi), the Agaricomycotina, and two classes of uncertain taxonomic status (incertae sedis), the Wallemiomycetes and the ...
Many species of mushrooms seemingly appear overnight, growing or expanding rapidly. This phenomenon is the source of several common expressions in the English language including "to mushroom" or "mushrooming" (expanding rapidly in size or scope) and "to pop up like a mushroom" (to appear unexpectedly and quickly). In reality, all species of ...
The phylum Basidiomycota can be divided into three major lineages: mushrooms, rusts and smuts. Fusion of haploid nuclei ( karyogamy ) occurs in the basidia, club-shaped end cells. Shortly after formation of the diploid cell, meiosis occurs and the resulting four haploid nuclei migrate into four, usually external cells called basidiospores .
It is the largest group of mushroom-forming fungi, and includes more than 600 genera and over 25,000 species. [1] Molecular phylogenetics analyses of ribosomal DNA sequences have led to advances in our understanding of the Agaricales, and substantially revised earlier assessments of families and genera . [ 2 ]
A pileus or mushroom cap. mushroom cap. The cap of basidiomata that bears the fertile hymenium. [300] pilose Covered with long, soft filaments; hairy. Oudemansiella pilosa is an example. From Latin pilus, hair. [301] plasmodium A motile mass seen in the growth phase of acellular slime molds. Generally multinucleate and lacking cell walls.
The English word fungus is directly adopted from the Latin fungus (mushroom), used in the writings of Horace and Pliny. [10] This in turn is derived from the Greek word sphongos (σφόγγος 'sponge'), which refers to the macroscopic structures and morphology of mushrooms and molds; [11] the root is also used in other languages, such as the German Schwamm ('sponge') and Schimmel ('mold').
[11] The species has been named state mushroom of Minnesota, and was the first state mushroom of any state. [24] [25] It can also be found in Brazil and Bulgaria. [26] In Jammu and Kashmir wild mushrooms, locally known as Himalayan wild mushroom, Gucchi, Morchella conica and Morchella esculenta, are gathered and supplied as medical remedy. [27]
A 2008 molecular phylogenetic study clarified the relationships among the mushroom-forming species of the family. [15] The authors demonstrated the existence of four distinct lineages of gilled mushrooms, which led to the description of Multifurca as a new genus separated from Russula [15] and the segregation of Lactifluus from Lactarius. [16] [17]