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Gamma double prime (γ"): This phase typically is Ni 3 Nb or Ni 3 V and is used to strengthen Ni-based superalloys at lower temperatures (<650 °C) relative to γ'. The crystal structure of γ" is body-centered tetragonal (BCT), and the phase precipitates as 60 nm by 10 nm discs with the (001) planes in γ" parallel to the {001} family in γ.
Nickel aluminide refers to either of two widely used intermetallic compounds, Ni 3 Al or NiAl, but the term is sometimes used to refer to any nickel–aluminium alloy. These alloys are widely used because of their high strength even at high temperature, low density, corrosion resistance, and ease of production. [1]
An example would be the synthesis of Cr 3+ tetraphenylporphyrin chloride: water is added to the dimethylformamide (DMF) solution in which the reaction occurred, and the product precipitates. [10] Precipitation is useful in purifying many other products: e.g. , crude bmim -Cl is taken up in acetonitrile , and dropped into ethyl acetate , where ...
Secondary precipitate strengthening comes from gamma prime (γ') precipitates. The γ' phase can appear in multiple compositions such as Ni 3 (Al, Ti). [ 24 ] [ 25 ] [ 26 ] The precipitate phase is coherent and has an FCC structure, like the γ matrix; [ 33 ] [ 27 ] [ 30 ] [ 31 ] [ 32 ] The γ' phase is much less prevalent than γ″.
In this case, Ostwald ripening causes the diffusion of monomers (i.e. individual molecules or atoms) from smaller droplets to larger droplets due to greater solubility of the single monomer molecules in the larger monomer droplets. The rate of this diffusion process is linked to the solubility of the monomer in the continuous (water) phase of ...
The strength of the bonds between the metal ion and water molecules in the primary solvation shell increases with the electrical charge, z, on the metal ion and decreases as its ionic radius, r, increases. Aqua ions are subject to hydrolysis. The logarithm of the first hydrolysis constant is proportional to z 2 /r for most aqua ions.
The body of the tables contain the characters in the respective irreducible representations for each respective symmetry operation, or set of symmetry operations. The symbol i used in the body of the table denotes the imaginary unit: i 2 = −1. Used in a column heading, it denotes the operation of inversion.
A solubility equilibrium exists when a chemical compound in the solid state is in chemical equilibrium with a solution containing the compound. This type of equilibrium is an example of dynamic equilibrium in that some individual molecules migrate between the solid and solution phases such that the rates of dissolution and precipitation are equal to one another.