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In differential geometry, the Atiyah–Singer index theorem, proved by Michael Atiyah and Isadore Singer (1963), [1] states that for an elliptic differential operator on a compact manifold, the analytical index (related to the dimension of the space of solutions) is equal to the topological index (defined in terms of some topological data).
In mathematics, matrix calculus is a specialized notation for doing multivariable calculus, especially over spaces of matrices.It collects the various partial derivatives of a single function with respect to many variables, and/or of a multivariate function with respect to a single variable, into vectors and matrices that can be treated as single entities.
[17] [20] If, as usual in modern mathematics, the axiom of choice is assumed, then f is surjective if and only if there exists a function : such that =, that is, if f has a right inverse. [20] The axiom of choice is needed, because, if f is surjective, one defines g by g ( y ) = x , {\displaystyle g(y)=x,} where x {\displaystyle x} is an ...
Subsequently, the smallest-circle problem was included in a general class of LP-type problems that can be solved by algorithms like Welzl's based on linear programming. As a consequence of membership in this class, it was shown that the dependence on the dimension of the constant factor in the O ( n ) {\displaystyle O(n)} time bound, which was ...
10.2 is the surround sound format developed by THX creator Tomlinson Holman of TMH Labs and the University of Southern California (schools of Cinematic Arts and Engineering). Developed along with Chris Kyriakakis of the USC Viterbi School of Engineering , 10.2 refers to the format's slogan: "Twice as good as 5.1".
In mathematics, the question of whether the Fourier series of a given periodic function converges to the given function is researched by a field known as classical harmonic analysis, a branch of pure mathematics. Convergence is not necessarily given in the general case, and certain criteria must be met for convergence to occur.
Equivalence class: given an equivalence relation, [] often denotes the equivalence class of the element x. 3. Integral part : if x is a real number , [ x ] {\displaystyle [x]} often denotes the integral part or truncation of x , that is, the integer obtained by removing all digits after the decimal mark .
He was the first to state Bézout's theorem, and was also the first to use fractional indices and to employ coordinate geometry to derive solutions to Diophantine equations. He approximated partial sums of the harmonic series by logarithms (a precursor to Euler's summation formula ) and was the first to use power series with confidence and to ...