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Sumer (/ Λ s uΛ m Ιr /) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the sixth and fifth millennium BC.
The Sumerian King List (abbreviated SKL) or Chronicle of the One Monarchy is an ancient literary composition written in Sumerian that was likely created and redacted to legitimize the claims to power of various city-states and kingdoms in southern Mesopotamia during the late third and early second millennium BC.
The history of Sumer spans through the 5th to 3rd millennia BCE in southern Mesopotamia, and is taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumer was the region's earliest known civilization and ended with the downfall of the Third Dynasty of Ur around 2004 BCE.
Utu-hengal (Sumerian: πππΆπ , D utu-αΈ«eβ-gΜalβ), also written Utu-hegΜal, Utu-heΔal, and sometimes transcribed as Utu-hegal, Utu-hejal, Utu-Khengal, was one of the first native kings of Sumer after two hundred years of Akkadian and Gutian rule, and was at the origin of the foundation of the Third Dynasty of Ur by his son-in-law Ur-Nammu.
Lugal-Zage-Si (LUGAL.ZAG.GE.SI ππ ππ; frequently spelled Lugalzaggesi, sometimes Lugalzagesi or "Lugal-Zaggisi") of Umma (died c. 2334 BC) was the last Sumerian king before the conquest of Sumer by Sargon of Akkad and the rise of the Akkadian Empire, and was considered as the only king of the third dynasty of Uruk, according to the Sumerian King List.
According to the Sumerian King List (ETCSL 2.1.1), Kish had the hegemony of Sumer where he reigned 625 years, succeeding his father Enmebaragesi to the throne, finally ending in defeat by Uruk. [6] The use of the royal title King of Kish expressing a claim of national rulership owes its prestige to the fact that Kish once did rule the entire ...
Held the title of, "King of Sumer and Akkad" 5th Ibbi-Sin ππΏππππͺ r. c. 2028 – c. 2004 BC (MC) r. c. 1964 – c. 1940 BC (SC) (15, 23, 24, or 25 years) Son of Shu-Sin; Said on the SKL to have held the title of, "King" of not just Akkad; but, to have held the "Kingship" over all of Sumer; Mentioned on the, "Lament for Sumer ...
Enmebaragesi (Sumerian: ππ¨πππ Enmebárgisi [EN-ME-BARA 2-GI 4-SE]; fl. c. 2750 BC) [3] originally Mebarasi (π¨ππ) [1] was the penultimate king of the first dynasty of Kish and is recorded as having reigned 900 years in the Sumerian King List.