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Sumer (/ Λ s uΛ m Ιr /) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the sixth and fifth millennium BC.
The history of Sumer spans through the 5th to 3rd millennia BCE in southern Mesopotamia, and is taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumer was the region's earliest known civilization and ended with the downfall of the Third Dynasty of Ur around 2004 BCE.
The Sumerian King List (abbreviated SKL) or Chronicle of the One Monarchy is an ancient literary composition written in Sumerian that was likely created and redacted to legitimize the claims to power of various city-states and kingdoms in southern Mesopotamia during the late third and early second millennium BC.
Alulim (Sumerian: π π» π , romanized: Álulim; transliterated: aβ.lu.lim) was a mythological Mesopotamian ruler, regarded as the first king ever to rule. He is known from the Sumerian King List, Ballad of Early Rulers, and other similar sources which invariably place him in Eridu and assign a reign lasting thousands of years to him.
god gal-gal-gΜu-ene-ra great- REDUP - 1. POSS - PL. AN - DAT digΜir gal-gal-gΜu-ene-ra god great-REDUP-1.POSS-PL.AN-DAT "for my great gods" The possessive, plural and case markers are traditionally referred to as "suffixes", but have recently also been described as enclitics or postpositions. Gender The two genders have been variously called animate and inanimate, [144] human and non-human ...
Ibbi-Sin (Sumerian: ππΏππππͺ, D i-biβ-D suen), (died c. 2004 BC) son of Shu-Sin, was king of Sumer and Akkad and last king of the Ur III dynasty, and reigned c. 2028–2004 BC (Middle chronology).
Tirigan (fl. late 3rd millennium BCE, πΎπ·π΅ππ, ti-riβ-ga-a-an) [1] was the 19th and last Gutian ruler in Sumer mentioned on the "Sumerian King List" (SKL). According to the SKL : Tirigan was the successor of Si'um .
Eannatum (Sumerian: πππΎπΊ É.AN.NA-tum 2; fl. c. 2450 BC) was a Sumerian Ensi (ruler or king) of Lagash.He established one of the first verifiable empires in history, subduing Elam and destroying the city of Susa, and extending his domain over the rest of Sumer and Akkad. [1]