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approx. date – The clarinet might have been invented by the German flute maker Joseph Mamadski as a modification of the chalumeau, but it will not be until the late 18th century that composers include clarinets into their orchestrations.
November 30 – Isaac Newton is elected president of the Royal Society of London, a position he will hold until his death in 1727. Richard Mead is admitted to the Royal Society (to whose Transactions he contributes this year a paper on the parasitic nature of scabies), is elected physician to St Thomas' Hospital, and is appointed to read anatomical lectures at Surgeon's Hall, all in London.
Europe had about 105 universities and colleges by 1700. North America had 44, including the newly founded Harvard and Yale . [ 3 ] The number of university students remained roughly the same throughout the Enlightenment in most Western nations, excluding Britain, where the number of institutions and students increased. [ 4 ]
Research in geology and evolutionary biology naturally led to the question of how old the Earth was. Indeed, between the mid-1700s to the mid-1800s, this was the topic of increasingly sophisticated intellectual discussions. With the advent of thermodynamics, it became clear that the Earth and the Sun must have an old but finite age.
Many years later, Evans' invention would be sold off for parts. On July 16, 2005, Philadelphia celebrated the 200th anniversary of Oliver Evans's Orukter Amphibolos. Many historians describe Oliver Evans' invention as the United States' first land and water transporter. [46] 1805 Vapor-compression refrigeration. Schematic of Gorrie's 1841 ice ...
Part of a series on Biology Science of life Index Outline Glossary History (timeline) Key components Cell theory Ecosystem Evolution Phylogeny Properties of life Adaptation Energy processing Growth Order Regulation Reproduction Response to environment Domains and Kingdoms of life Archaea Bacteria Eukarya (Animals, Fungi, Plants, Protists) Branches Abiogenesis Aerobiology Agronomy Agrostology ...
From the first Apple computer to the COVID-19 vaccine, here are the most revolutionary inventions that were born in the U.S.A. in the past half-century.
[10] [11] Philo of Byzantium was famous for his inventions. The Antikythera mechanism from c. 150–100 BC was designed to calculate the positions of astronomical objects. Complex mechanical devices are known to have existed in Hellenistic Greece , though the only surviving example is the Antikythera mechanism , the earliest known analog ...