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Erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC), is a descriptive term for a class of skin lesion [2] presenting redness in a ring form (anulare) that spreads from a center (centrifugum). It was first described by Darier in 1916.
Annular erythema of infancy (AEI) consists of self-limited eruptions of erythematous, annular to polycyclic patches and plaques. It is an idiopathic figurate erythema. [1] Over several days, a single lesion disappears without leaving behind any scale or hyperpigmentation. Mostly affecting the trunk, face, and extremities, this rash has no symptoms.
There are numerous causes of palpable purpura, such as autoimmune diseases, drug reactions, vaccinations, and infections.The most common infectious causes are N. gonorrhoeae, S. aureus, and N. meningitides, however palpable purpura has also been caused by Mycoplasma spp., Rickettsiae, Mycobacterium, and very rarely by Treponema pallidum, Brucella spp., Yersinia, Campylobacter, and Bartonella.
In a normal case, the swelling will decrease without treatment within 15–30 minutes, but, in extreme cases, itchy red welts may last anywhere from a few hours to days. In some cases, welts are accompanied with a painful burning sensation. [3] This calls for more urgent treatment as the condition can impact on the patient's quality of life.
Erythema multiforme (EM) is generally considered a separate condition. [6] Treatment typically takes place in hospital such as in a burn unit or intensive care unit. [3] [7] Efforts include stopping the cause, pain medication, and antihistamines. [3] [4] Antibiotics, intravenous immunoglobulins, and corticosteroids may also be used.
Erythema annulare centrifugum Superficial types: [18] Mild spongiosis, parakeratosis and microvesiculation. "Coat-sleeve anomaly": tight lymphohistiocytic infiltrate surrounding superficial vessels; Deep lesions: Sharply demarcated perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrate in middle to deep dermis [18] Not otherwise specified [notes 2]
First-line treatments for autoimmune urticaria primarily involve the use of antihistamines. [32] These medications work by blocking the action of histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms. Antihistamines can be very effective in controlling the symptoms of urticaria and are usually the first choice of treatment.
It is used to describe the rash in cutaneous larvae migrans, [3] erythema annulare centrifugum, [4] cutaneous pili migrans, [5] purpura annularis telangiectoides, ringworm, [6] balanitis circinata, [7] and some cases of bullous pemphigoid.