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Enamel hypocalcification is a defect of tooth enamel in which normal amounts of enamel are produced but are hypomineralized. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In this defect the enamel is softer than normal. Some areas in enamel are hypocalcified: enamel spindles, enamel tufts, and enamel lamellae.
Enamel spindles are often confused with two other entities: enamel lamellae and enamel tufts. Lamellae are linear enamel defects that extend from the surface of the enamel towards the DEJ, or vice versa. Enamel tufts are "small, branching defects that are found only at the DEJ, protruding into the enamel towards the enamel surface.
In November 2006 the American Dental Association published information stating that water fluoridation is safe, effective and healthy; that enamel fluorosis, usually mild and difficult for anyone except a dental health care professional to see, can result from ingesting more than optimal amounts of fluoride in early childhood; that it is safe ...
The hypocalcification type, which is the most common, is an autosomal dominant condition that results in enamel that is not completely mineralized. [51] Consequently, enamel easily flakes off the teeth, which appear yellow because of the revealed dentin.
Enamel hypoplasia and enamel hypocalcification are examples of defective enamel that potentially gives a discolored appearance to the tooth. Teeth affected in this way are also usually more susceptible to further staining acquired throughout life. Amelogenesis imperfecta is a rare condition that affects the formation of enamel (amelogenesis ...
Hypomineralization or hypocalcification, as opposed to hypoplasia, refers to a decrease in the mineral content of the enamel, not the total amount present. It can vary in its presentation, and teeth may appear visually normal or highly translucent. Affected enamel is softer and more susceptible to acid, wear and decay.
Chemical formula Synonyms CAS number CAgO carbonylsilver: CCl 2 F 2: dichlorodifluoromethane freon-12: 75-71-8 CCl 4: carbon tetrachloride tetrachloromethane: 56-23-5 C(CN) 4: tetracyanomethane: 24331-09-7 CFCl 3: trichlorofluoromethane freon-11: 75-69-4 CFCl 2 CF 2 Cl: chlorotrifluoromethane freon-13: 75-72-9 CHCl 3: chloroform ...
Enamel tufts are small branching defects that are found only at the DEJ, and so differ from lamellae which can be facing either direction and are strictly linear. Enamel spindles are also linear defects, but they too can be found only at the DEJ, because they are formed by entrapment of odontoblast processes between ameloblasts prior to and ...