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The French then later spread unitary states by conquests, throughout Europe during and after the Napoleonic Wars, and to the world through the vast French colonial empire. [1] Presently, prefects remain an illustration of the French unitary state system, as the representatives of the State in each department , tasked with upholding central ...
The regions of England, formerly known as the government office regions, are the highest tier of sub-national division in England. They were established in 1994 [1] and follow the 1974–96 county borders. They are a continuation of the former 1940s standard regions which followed the 1889–1974 administrative county borders.
A central government is the government that is a controlling power over a unitary state.Another distinct but sovereign political entity is a federal government, which may have distinct powers at various levels of government, authorized or delegated to it by the federation and mutually agreed upon by each of the federated states.
To the extent that a base unit of society – usually conceived as an individual citizen – vests authority in a larger unit, such as the state or the local community, authority is centralized. The extent to which this ought to occur, and the ways in which centralized government evolves, forms part of social contract theory .
The parishes of England, as of December 2021. Parish councils form the lowest tier of local government and govern civil parishes.They may also be called a 'community council', 'neighbourhood council', 'village council', 'town council' or (if the parish holds city status) 'city council', but these names are stylistic and do not change their responsibilities.
Many states use township as a governmental level between county and municipality. Most states have counties with unincorporated areas (no municipal government). Municipal governments are called cities, towns, villages, boroughs, and townships, and can form 1-3 layers of government.
The history of local government in England is one of gradual change and evolution since the Middle Ages. England has never possessed a formal written constitution, with the result that modern administration (and the judicial system) is based on precedent, and is derived from administrative powers granted (usually by the Crown) to older systems, such as that of the shires.
England, comprising the majority of the population and area of the United Kingdom, [10] [11] does not have its own devolved government, and remains fully the responsibility of the United Kingdom Parliament centralised in London. England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales are not themselves listed in the International Organization for ...