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The dates given in this list of pharaohs are approximate. They are based primarily on the conventional chronology of Ancient Egypt , mostly based on the Digital Egypt for Universities [ 4 ] database developed by the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology , but alternative dates taken from other authorities may be indicated separately.
In ancient Egypt, it was standard for pharaohs to be worshipped posthumously as transfigured beings amongst the royal ancestors. This was generally performed in the form of a mortuary cult. [1] [2] During the pharaoh's lifetime, they were generally recognized as having divine properties, in accordance with imperial cult government.
Pharaoh Amenhotep II making an offering to the gods - Eighteenth Dynasty - Egyptological Museum of Turin. The functions of the Pharaoh are the various religious and governmental activities performed by the king of Egypt during Antiquity (between the years 3150 and 30 BC). As a central figure of the state, the pharaoh is the obligatory ...
The Saqqara Tablet, now in the Egyptian Museum, is an ancient stone engraving surviving from the Ramesside Period of Egypt which features a list of pharaohs.It was found in 1861 in Saqqara, in the tomb of Tjuneroy (or Tjenry), an official ("chief lector priest" and "Overseer of Works on All Royal Monuments") of the pharaoh Ramesses II.
Joseph presenting his father and brethren to the Pharaoh (1896) Genesis 12:10–20 tells of Abram moving to Egypt to escape a period of famine in Canaan.Abram worries that the unnamed pharaoh will kill him and take away his wife Sarai, so Abram tells her to say she is his sister.
The last "great" pharaoh from the New Kingdom is widely considered to be Ramesses III, a Twentieth Dynasty pharaoh who reigned several decades after Ramesses II. [28] In the eighth year of his reign, the Sea Peoples invaded Egypt by land and sea.
The list features the name of the pharaoh followed by the actual one inscribed on the list. The list comprises three sections and is divided at the center. The numbering follows Lepsius, [5] counting from the sides, toward the center. Pharaohs that are known have the damaged part of the inscribed name in parenthesis.
The following is a list of mummies that include Egyptian pharaohs and their named mummified family members. [a] Some of these mummies have been found to be remarkably intact, while others have been damaged from tomb robbers and environmental conditions (with some only having small fragments representing the mummy as a result).