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Ionic hydrides are used as bases and, occasionally, as reducing reagents in organic synthesis. [12] C 6 H 5 C(O)CH 3 + KH → C 6 H 5 C(O)CH 2 K + H 2. Typical solvents for such reactions are ethers. Water and other protic solvents cannot serve as a medium for ionic hydrides because the hydride ion is a stronger base than hydroxide and most ...
Binary hydrogen compounds in group 1 are the ionic hydrides (also called saline hydrides) wherein hydrogen is bound electrostatically. Because hydrogen is located somewhat centrally in an electronegative sense, it is necessary for the counterion to be exceptionally electropositive for the hydride to possibly be accurately described as truly behaving ionic.
These compounds are often known as hydrides. [4] Water contains two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom, [5] and is one of the most well-studied compounds. [6] Hydrogen is highly soluble in many rare earth and transition metals [7] and is soluble in both nanocrystalline and amorphous metals. [8]
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
Sodium hydride is the chemical compound with the empirical formula Na H. This alkali metal hydride is primarily used as a strong yet combustible base in organic synthesis . NaH is a saline (salt-like) hydride , composed of Na + and H − ions, in contrast to molecular hydrides such as borane , silane , germane , ammonia , and methane .
Potassium hydride, KH, is the inorganic compound of potassium and hydrogen. It is an alkali metal hydride. It is a white solid, although commercial samples appear gray. It is a powerful superbase that is useful in organic synthesis. It is sold commercially as a slurry (~35%) in mineral oil or sometimes paraffin wax to facilitate dispensing. [3]
Characteristic of a salt-like (ionic) hydride, it has a high melting point, and it is not soluble but reactive with all protic organic solvents. It is soluble and nonreactive with certain molten salts such as lithium fluoride, lithium borohydride, and sodium hydride. With a molar mass of 7.95 g/mol, it is the lightest ionic compound.
Calcium hydride is the chemical compound with the formula CaH 2, an alkaline earth hydride. This grey powder (white if pure, which is rare) reacts vigorously with water, liberating hydrogen gas. CaH 2 is thus used as a drying agent, i.e. a desiccant. [2] CaH 2 is a saline hydride, meaning that its structure is salt-like. The alkali metals and ...