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Cover of the European Pharmacopoeia, 11th Edition. The European Pharmacopoeia [1] (Pharmacopoeia Europaea, Ph. Eur.) is a major regional pharmacopoeia which provides common quality standards throughout the pharmaceutical industry in Europe to control the quality of medicines, and the substances used to manufacture them. [1]
Boric acid is a weak acid, with pK a (the pH at which buffering is strongest because the free acid and borate ion are in equal concentrations) of 9.24 in pure water at 25 °C. But apparent p K a is substantially lower in swimming pool or ocean waters because of interactions with various other molecules in solution.
A mixture of ammonia gas and water vapor is introduced into a reactor that contains a saturated solution of ammonium sulfate and about 2% to 4% of free sulfuric acid at 60 °C. Concentrated sulfuric acid is added to keep the solution acidic, and to retain its level of free acid. The heat of reaction keeps reactor temperature at 60 °C.
This format was used from 1934, when many European-specific bases existed. These bases included 5- and 8-pin side-contact, and 4- to 7-pin alternatives to incompatible US base types. [ 11 ] At this time there was pressure to produce devices compatible with wider markets, and so several versions of the same device might be produced with ...
European Union (EU) concepts, acronyms, and jargon are a terminology set that has developed as a form of shorthand, to quickly express a (formal) EU process, an (informal) institutional working practice, or an EU body, function or decision, and which is commonly understood among EU officials or external people who regularly deal with EU institutions.
Brazil and Venezuela started the phase-out in 2005, [citation needed] and the European Union, Switzerland, [1] and Australia [2] began to phase them out in 2009. [3] Likewise, other nations are implementing new energy standards or have scheduled phase-outs: Argentina, [4] and Russia in 2012, and Canada, [5] Mexico, [6] Malaysia, [7] and South ...
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The effect is sometimes called the "Doppler–Fizeau effect". In 1868, British astronomer William Huggins was the first to determine the velocity of a star moving away from the Earth by the method. [5] In 1871, optical redshift was confirmed when the phenomenon was observed in Fraunhofer lines, using solar rotation, about 0.1 Å in the red. [6]