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Packet capture is the process of intercepting and logging traffic. As data streams flow across the network, the analyzer captures each packet and, if needed, decodes the packet's raw data, showing the values of various fields in the packet, and analyzes its content according to the appropriate RFC or other specifications.
Wireshark is a data capturing program that "understands" the structure (encapsulation) of different networking protocols. It can parse and display the fields, along with their meanings as specified by different networking protocols. Wireshark uses pcap to capture packets, so it can only capture packets on the types of networks that pcap supports.
hping is an open-source packet generator and analyzer for the TCP/IP protocol created by Salvatore Sanfilippo (also known as Antirez). It is one of the common tools used for security auditing and testing of firewalls and networks, and was used to exploit the idle scan scanning technique (also invented by the hping author), and now implemented in the Nmap Security Scanner.
tcpdump is a data-network packet analyzer computer program that runs under a command line interface. It allows the user to display TCP/IP and other packets being transmitted or received over a network to which the computer is attached. [3] Distributed under the BSD license, [4] tcpdump is free software.
ngrep, aka "network grep", isolate strings in packets, show packet data in human-friendly output. Nmap, a port-scanning and fingerprinting network utility; Pirni, a discontinued network security tool for jailbroken iOS devices. Scapy, a packet manipulation tool for computer networks, written in Python by Philippe Biondi.
Testing and development of new network protocols (send a packet, see if device behaves appropriately) Reverse-engineering network protocols for security analysis (such as malware) Troubleshooting secure connections (using the SSL server and client). Automation (via Packet Sender's command line interface or resend feature)
Non-free snoop: Sun Microsystems: December 11, 2006 / Solaris 10 CLI: CDDL: Free tcpdump: The Tcpdump team April 7, 2023 / 4.99.4 [13] CLI: BSD License: Free Wireshark (formerly Ethereal) The Wireshark team November 22, 2021 / 4.0.6 [14] Both GNU General Public License: Free Xplico: The Xplico team May 2, 2019 / 1.2.2 [15] Both GNU General ...
For an in-order packet, this is effectively the last packet's sequence number plus the current packet's payload length. If the next packet in the sequence is lost but a third packet in the sequence is received, then the receiver can only acknowledge the last in-order byte of data, which is the same value as was acknowledged for the first packet.