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An equianalgesic chart is a conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics (drugs used to relieve pain). Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose (a dose which would offer an equal amount of analgesia) between different analgesics. [1]
Clark's rule is a medical term referring to a mathematical formula used to calculate the proper dosage of medicine for children aged 2–17 based on the weight of the patient and the appropriate adult dose. [1] The formula was named after Cecil Belfield Clarke (1894–1970), a Barbadian physician who practiced throughout the UK, the West Indies ...
The behavioral response to stimulants in children is similar regardless of whether they have ADHD or not. [38] Stimulant medication is an effective treatment [39] for adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [40] [41] although the response rate may be lower for adults than children. [42]
Dextroamphetamine (INN: dexamfetamine) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and enantiomer [note 1] of amphetamine that is primarily prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.
Animal models are used to learn more about a disease, its diagnosis and its treatment, with animal models predicting human toxicity in up to 71% of cases. [1] The human equivalent dose (HED) or human equivalent concentration (HEC) is the quantity of a chemical that, when administered to humans, produces an effect equal to that produced in test animals by a smaller dose. [2]
The dosage may vary and is titrated to effect, with some guidelines recommending initial treatment with a low dose. [31] Methylphenidate is available in both immediate-release and extended-release (XR) formulations to provide a sustained release of the drug. [32] [33] Methylphenidate is not approved for children under six years of age. [34] [35]
To avoid toxicity and risk of side effects, FDA guidelines recommend an initial dose of methamphetamine at doses 5–10 mg/day for ADHD in adults and children over six years of age, and may be increased at weekly intervals of 5 mg, up to 25 mg/day, until optimum clinical response is found; the usual effective dose is around 20–25 mg/day.
Phenmetrazine has been found to dose-dependently elevate brain dopamine levels in rodents in vivo. [7] A 10 mg/kg i.v. dose of phenmetrazine increased nucleus accumbens dopamine levels by around 1,400% in rats. [7] For comparison, dextroamphetamine 3 mg/kg i.p. increased striatal dopamine levels by about 5,000% in rats. [21]