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On the first World Logic Day after the UNESCO proclamation, the Director-General of UNESCO, Audrey Azoulay, issued a statement highlighting the importance of logic: [6] In the twenty-first century—indeed, now more than ever—the discipline of logic is a particularly timely one, utterly vital to our societies and economies.
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A fallacy is an incorrect argument or a faulty form of reasoning. This means that the premises provide no or not sufficient support for the conclusion. Fallacies often appear to be correct on the first impression and thereby seduce people into accepting and using them. In logic, the term "fallacy" does not mean that the conclusion is false.
Background knowledge can also lead to the suppression of even the simple modus ponens inference [4] Participants given the conditional if Lisa has an essay to write then she studies late in the library and the premise Lisa has an essay to write make the modus ponens inference 'she studies late in the library', but the inference is suppressed ...
Logic was Leibniz's earliest philosophic interest, going back to his teens. René Descartes had suggested that the lexicon of a universal language should consist of primitive elements. [ 5 ] The systematic combination of these elements, according to syntactical rules, would generate the infinite combinations of computational structures required ...
In first-order logic with identity, identity is treated as a logical constant and its axioms are part of the logic itself. Under this convention, the law of identity is a logical truth. In first-order logic without identity, identity is treated as an interpretable predicate and its axioms are supplied by the
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