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Caspase-3 shares many of the typical characteristics common to all currently-known caspases. For example, its active site contains a cysteine residue (Cys-163) and histidine residue (His-121) that stabilize the peptide bond cleavage of a protein sequence to the carboxy-terminal side of an aspartic acid when it is part of a particular 4-amino acid sequence.
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The CRISPR-Cas family of protein is also divided into 3 different types, Type I, Type II, Type III. Each of the 3 types of CRISPR-Cas are characterized by a specific gene; Type I: Cas3, Type II: Cas 9, Type III: Cas 10. [2]
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Therapies based on CRISPR–Cas3 gene editing technology delivered by engineered bacteriophages could be used to destroy targeted DNA in pathogens. [194] Cas3 is more destructive than the better known Cas9. [195] [196] Research suggests that CRISPR is an effective way to limit replication of multiple herpesviruses.
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Cas3: Single-stranded DNA nuclease (HD domain) and ATP-dependent helicase [88] [89] I-A: Cas8a, Cas5: Cas8 is a Subunit of the interference module that is important in targeting of invading DNA by recognizing the PAM sequence. Cas5 is required for processing and stability of crRNAs. [85] [90] I-B: Cas8b I-C: Cas8c I-D: Cas10d