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A wheeled buffalo figurine—probably a children's toy—from Magna Graecia in archaic Greece [1]. Several organisms are capable of rolling locomotion. However, true wheels and propellers—despite their utility in human vehicles—do not play a significant role in the movement of living things (with the exception of the corkscrew-like flagella of many prokaryotes).
It is possible that we are facing the end of the effective life of most of available antibiotics. [56] Predicting the evolution and evolvability [57] of our pathogens, and devising strategies to slow or circumvent the development of resistance, demands deeper knowledge of the complex forces driving evolution at the molecular level. [58]
The word evolved in a modern sense was first used in 1826 in an anonymous paper published in Robert Jameson's journal and evolution was a relative late-comer which can be seen in Herbert Spencer's Social Statics of 1851, [a] and at least one earlier example, but was not in general use until about 1865–70.
[15] [16] Consequently, in this view, microscopic life dominates Earth, and large organisms only appear more diverse due to sampling bias. Genome complexity has generally increased since the beginning of the life on Earth. [17] [18] Some computer models have suggested that the generation of complex organisms is an inescapable feature of evolution.
Eukaryogenesis, the process which created the eukaryotic cell and lineage, is a milestone in the evolution of life, since eukaryotes include all complex cells and almost all multicellular organisms. The process is widely agreed to have involved symbiogenesis , in which an archaeon and a bacterium came together to create the first eukaryotic ...
Brian Hall traces the roots of evolutionary developmental biology in his 2012 paper on its past present and future. He begins with Darwinian evolution and Mendel's genetics, noting the tendency of the followers of both men in the early 20th century to follow separate paths and to set aside and ignore apparently inexplicable problems. [5]
Life history theory (LHT) is an analytical framework [1] designed to study the diversity of life history strategies used by different organisms throughout the world, as well as the causes and results of the variation in their life cycles. [2]
Conscious evolution – Hypothetical ability of the human species to choose what they will become; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology – Interdisciplinary field of study; Effective evolutionary time – Hypothesis offering a causal explanation of diversity gradients