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A base transceiver station (BTS) or a baseband unit [1] (BBU) is a piece of equipment that facilitates wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and a network. UEs are devices like mobile phones (handsets), WLL phones, computers with wireless Internet connectivity, or antennas mounted on buildings or telecommunication towers.
Because mobile phones and their base stations are two-way radios, they produce radio-frequency radiation in order to communicate, exposing people near them to RF radiation giving concerns about mobile phone radiation and health. Hand-held mobile telephones are relatively low power so the RF radiation exposures from them are generally low.
The equivalent baseband signal is () = + where () is the inphase signal, () the quadrature phase signal, and the imaginary unit. This signal is sometimes called IQ data . In a digital modulation method, the I ( t ) {\displaystyle I(t)} and Q ( t ) {\displaystyle Q(t)} signals of each modulation symbol are evident from the constellation diagram .
The most common example of a cellular network is a mobile phone (cell phone) network. A mobile phone is a portable telephone which receives or makes calls through a cell site (base station) or transmitting tower. Radio waves are used to transfer signals to and from the cell phone.
A baseband processor (also known as baseband radio processor, BP, or BBP) is a device (a chip or part of a chip) in a network interface controller that manages all the radio functions (all functions that require an antenna); however, this term is generally not used in reference to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth radios.
[1] [2] [3] C-RAN is a centralized, cloud computing-based architecture for radio access networks that supports 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G and future wireless communication standards. Its name comes from the four 'C's in the main characteristics of C-RAN system, "Clean, Centralized processing, Collaborative radio, and a real-time Cloud Radio Access Network".
RRHs are generally connected to the baseband unit or base station which can be an x86 server [2] on the ground near a cell tower, via a fiber optic cable using Common Public Radio Interface protocols. [3] CableFree 4G/5G Remote Radio Head (RRH) with 2x2 MIMO, 2x20W RF power and CPRI fibre interface
The purpose of CPRI is to allow replacement of a copper or coax cable connection between a radio transceiver (used example for mobile-telephone communication and typically located in a tower) and a base station/baseband unit [3] (typically located at the ground nearby), so the connection can be made to a remote and more convenient location. [4]