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Many depend on circumstances. A major component is cement, which has its own environmental and social impacts and contributes largely to those of concrete. The cement industry is one of the main producers of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. [2] Concrete causes damage to the most fertile layer of the earth, the topsoil.
The term cement originates from the Latin word caementum, which refers to chopped stone. Cement describes a substance which will react chemically with water and develop into a material as hard as stone. In fibre cement there is a fibre reinforcement, which contributes to making the fibre-cement material even stronger.
Residual strength is directly proportional to the fiber content. The use of natural fibers has become a topic of research mainly due to the expected positive environmental impact, recyclability, and economy. [30] [31] The degradation of natural fibers and particles in a cement matrix is a concern. [32]
Plant fibers are a promising area but they are subjected to degradation in the alkaline environment and elevated temperatures during cement hydration. [3] [4] In international literature, FRCMs are also called textile-reinforced concrete (TRC), textile reinforced mortars (TRM), fabric-reinforced mortar (FRM), or inorganic matrix-grid composites ...
It could eliminate the 2 gigatons of carbon dioxide annually pumped into the atmosphere through traditional cement production.
To minimize them a slowly-setting cement (CEM III, with blast furnace slags) is preferred to a quickly setting cement (CEM I: Portland cement). Pouring concrete under colder conditions (e.g., during the night, or in the winter), or using cold water and ice mixed with cooled aggregates to prepare concrete, may also contribute to minimize thermal ...
Asbestos cement, genericized as fibro, fibrolite (short for "fibrous (or fibre) cement sheet"; but different from the natural mineral fibrolite), or AC sheet, is a composite building material consisting of cement and asbestos fibres pressed into thin rigid sheets and other shapes.
Papercrete is a building material that consists of re-pulped paper fiber combined with Portland cement or clay, as well as other soils. First patented in 1928 by Eric Patterson and Mike McCain [1] (who originally named it "padobe" and "fibrous cement"), it was revived during the 1980s. It is generally perceived as an environmentally friendly ...