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The condition/decision criterion does not guarantee the coverage of all conditions in the module because in many test cases, some conditions of a decision are masked by the other conditions. Using the modified condition/decision criterion, each condition must be shown to be able to act on the decision outcome by itself, everything else being ...
Given-When-Then (GWT) is a semi-structured way to write down test cases. They can either be tested manually or automated as browser tests with tools like Selenium and Cucumber. [1] [2] It derives its name from the three clauses used, which start with the words given, when and then. [3]
In such cases, DbC makes the supplier's job easier. Design by contract also defines criteria for correctness for a software module: If the class invariant AND precondition are true before a supplier is called by a client, then the invariant AND the postcondition will be true after the service has been completed.
The following example written in Eiffel sets the value of a class attribute hour based on a caller-provided argument a_hour.The postcondition follows the keyword ensure.In this example, the postcondition guarantees, in cases in which the precondition holds (i.e., when a_hour represents a valid hour of the day), that after the execution of set_hour, the class attribute hour will have the same ...
In this example, two test cases are sufficient to achieve a complete branch coverage, while four are necessary for complete path coverage. The cyclomatic complexity of the program is 3 (as the strongly connected graph for the program contains 8 edges, 7 nodes, and 1 connected component) ( 8 − 7 + 2 ).
Predicate transformer semantics were introduced by Edsger Dijkstra in his seminal paper "Guarded commands, nondeterminacy and formal derivation of programs".They define the semantics of an imperative programming paradigm by assigning to each statement in this language a corresponding predicate transformer: a total function between two predicates on the state space of the statement.
A test case graph illustrates all the necessary independent paths (test cases) to cover all isolated conditions. Conditions are represented by nodes, and condition values (situations) by edges. An edge addresses all program situations. Each situation is connected to one preceding and successive condition.
Now, for the test to kill this mutant, the following three conditions should be met: A test must reach the mutated statement. Test input data should infect the program state by causing different program states for the mutant and the original program. For example, a test with a = 1 and b = 0 would do this.