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Japanese verb conjugations are independent of person, number and gender (they do not depend on whether the subject is I, you, he, she, we, etc.); the conjugated forms can express meanings such as negation, present and past tense, volition, passive voice, causation, imperative and conditional mood, and ability.
禁じる kin-jiru – -zuru verbs have an associated -jiru form, which is the more common form in modern Japanese; Additionally, the 〜る can be dropped accordingly (except for the 〜じる forms): 愛す ai-su; 達す tas-su; 禁ず kin-zu; These する／す／ず forms may be conjugated in various ways, particularly in less common forms.
Verbs are conjugated, primarily for tense and voice, but not person. Japanese adjectives are also conjugated. Japanese has a complex system of honorifics with verb forms and vocabulary to indicate the relative status of the speaker, the listener, and persons mentioned. In language typology, it has many features different from most European ...
English: Aeron Buchanan's Japanese Verb Chart: a concise summary of Japanese verb conjugation, handily formatted to fit onto one sheet of A4. Also includes irregulars, adjectives and confusing verbs. Also includes irregulars, adjectives and confusing verbs.
The preterite is often accompanied by the particle ō-, whose distribution and semantics are elaborated on below. E.g. ōnicoch 'I slept', ōtlatohqueh 'they spoke', ōnicchīuh 'I made it'. In irregular verbs which lack a morphological present, the preterite is used with a present tense meaning, without the particle ō-. In these verbs, the ...
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.
The verbal morphology of the Kagoshima dialects is heavily marked by numerous distinctive phonological processes, as well as both morphological and lexical differences.The following article deals primarily with the changes and differences affecting the verb conjugations of the central Kagoshima dialect, spoken throughout most of the mainland and especially around Kagoshima City, though notes ...